What the heck is this??

Would something this small really have much of an effect on emissions? I mean the total contents of the bag would fit in a good sized shot glass. NOX is usually the big issue with diesels. What kind of pellets would they use to reduce that?

I highly doubt it would. I tore open one of the earliest cats and it was like a honeycomb inside so all of the gas passed through it. If all the gas doesn't pass through it there's no way it'll be affective.