1972 duster 340 fires up then dies and will not stay running

Why, you getting tired of saying it after a few hundred times? :D
It could actually be the ignition switch or ballast resistor either one, but the resistor is the best bet first since it's cheap and so much easier to swap out.

One day I was on my way somewhere and saw a Duster on the side of the road with the hood up and a guy kinda standing there looking at it so I stopped.
He had exactly those same symptoms.
When I swapped to HEI I tossed the OE ignition box and ballast in the accessories box in the trunk.
The guy was pretty surprised when I had the part with me for a 40 year old car and he was able to drive away.
Just bypass the damn thing with a jumper and alligator clips. see how it runs. Eliminate the ballast from the problem list.....