Where to put the air compressor?

Definitely use rubber isolator pads under the feet when you lag bolt it to the floor. They make a huge difference in noise levels. I cut up an old tire I picked up at the dump and used those for the pads. (The Sawzall had to work getting through those pesky steel belts!!)
As for a hole in the shop wall, don't overthink it. Here's a 1-1/2" drain line I put through my block wall. Some mortar and paint and looks like it was made that way. The drain goes to a 28" deep hole I dug (14"x18") and filled with gravel. It's just to drain a laundry sink I use for washing hands, etc. You can also see one of the compressor feet with a pad under it.
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They make some now that bolt through the feet but just sit on the floor so you do not even need to put holes in your concrete and can easily move the compressor if needed. They have nice grip on the bottom so the compressor won't dance. We used them at work to mount some receiver tanks and they have held up well.