What caused this?

"2 Shelbys" - what kind of damage can fuel starvation do? I hope I didn't mess anything up.
Leaning out to much greatly raises the temperature in the combustion chamber and can melt anything from plug electrodes to pistons. The good news is that if you had done it you would know.

Some good ideas are to install a pump that exceeds what you need and install a pressure regulator. Install the regulator as close to the carb as possible so it can react to a drop in pressure quickly and try to mount it somewhere other than on the body where vibration can lift the ball off of it's seat and flood the carb bowls. You also want to run the fuel line from the pump toward the front of the car and then turn it back toward the regulator so the G forces of acceleration supplies the regulator instead of starving it.