I think most cats would just tear them off, and may injure themselves trying. My last cat, rest her soul, always "kneaded" her front claws in my legs when with me in my chair. The vet taught me to trim them. The pet stores have trimmers.
You can train some cats to a certain extent, but they are not like dogs.
So far as the "wall areas" maybe you could figure out some sort of obstruction until the kitten gets out of that phase.
