Clean radiator, cool engine, coolant PH, flow, fans, shrouds.

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Rice Nuker

Let the Coal Roll!
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Howdy,

This is a thread about cooling systems. Radiator types, fan setups, coolant type, cooling system maintenance.

I see about a thousand threads each summer about how an engine is running hot. I cant understand why there are so many cooling issues. What are some successful combinations? What are points to address that ensure success.

Why are there sooo many overheating issues?

I see and hear lots of stories where people put electric fans on and then have never ending overheating issues.
Stock mopar clutch fan flows 5500 cfm. Most dual electric fans flow 3000 - 4000 total.

I ran 455 Olds motors for years in mid 80s gm cars, like monte carlo, olds cutlass, camaro, trans am. I have never had a heating issue for more than a month. Some motors had milled heads 10.5 - 1 pistons, mild cams, and headers, others were used stock bomber motors.

When I swapped in a used 455 out of some big *** delta 88, it usually had 80 - 140k on it. Lots of times the engine was full of rust and would run hot, clog the radiator full of rust chunks, piss me off.


This condition is very typical. Engine is half full of sediment and hard coated scale from years of bullship. The radiator is half full of bs too from either being old or the engine has pumped crap all thru the radiator.

I am not sure but I willing to bet that hot tanking an engine will not remove much of this type of build up unless they run it thru an acid vat and pressure wash out all the passages thoroughly after the hot tank.

Anyway, amazingly lots of people almost shi5 their selves when they hear what used to be a very typical cleaning procedure that I thought up one day. I am sure a hundred thousand others thought this up before me but before the internet you had to come up with your own procedures.

Drain cooling system per appropriate local practices.

Remove thermostat. Pull top radiator hose off radiator. Stick garden hose into the IN port of the radiator with a rag around it to seal it decently. Leave radiator cap completely loose to allow for varying volume. Run garden hose at half throttle. Start the engine and rev it up and down for 15 minutes or so while allowing the top radiator hose to blast out onto the ground. Tons of inert crap will fall out. Run the flush until water flows absolutely clear. Take a break, have a smoke and a splash of bourbon, do it again.

This flushes the block of most loose chunks and sediment.

Take the radiator off the car and lay it on its face so the in / out ports face up, pet-**** closed, lid on.

Pour it full of standard swimming pool grade muratic acid and let it sit for 20 minutes. Use expandable freeze plug rubber corks to plug both inlet and outlet after it is full.
Oh wow muratic acid!?? Call the aspca and a bunch of hippies students from berkley so they can have a sit in while failing to better society.

Yes acid. People swim in it. I pour a gallon in my pool and chunk my nephew in to stir it around. Granted that is 10000 - 1 so.. who cares.

If you feel the need, wear gloves and some basic goggles. I recommend cheap nerd chemistry type goggles. I wear them all the time cause I like to rock.

If your radiator has holes in it when you are done, it already had holes in it, they were just clogged with gunk and the radiator was clogged and fubared anyway. If you find little holes after cleaning, solder them up or take the radiator in and have it repaired by a old timer that knows how to repair radiators.
Anyway, slosh the radiator back and forth occasionally and at the end of 20 minutes, slosh back an forth for 10 more minutes more vigorously, or as much as possible. Total 30 minutes.

Drain muratic acid into a bucket half full of water to dillute a little bit for disposal. Then toss in a couple 3 spoons of baking soda and let it sit. This releases gas (hydrogen, oxygen, something I dont know) so do it outside, not in the living room or kitchen. Obviously dont cover the container, put a tube out of it and capture the gasses for further experimentation.

This bucket is now close to inert and you can pour it down the toilet if you want or put it on a plant to see if it likes it.

Flush thru radiator with garden hose for 5 minutes from the bottom outlet with a rag around the hose so any debris pumps out the top.

Install radiator in car.

Fill car with 1 gallon water, 1 gallon muratic acid, then top off with water.

Run engine for 30 minutes with no thermostat with a piece of screen over the upper radiator inlet port.

Adding a screen is easy.

Cut it 1/2 inch bigger than the tube and carefully fold back the excess over the tube. Install upper hose over the screen. The screen is very important from this point on.

Alternate to screen is:

http://autocoolantfilter.com/

Next, drain engine using local disposal practices. This drained mixture has very mild acid and is a little stronger than vinegar so what ever. Use it to aggravate weeds that sprout out of your driveway.

Put in new screen on rad inlet or clean your existing one.

Fill engine with water and 2 tablespoons of baking soda. Run engine with radiator cap loose for 30 minutes.

Drain engine.

Do the garden hose flush into the top rad port with top hose flowing onto ground for 10 minutes again.

Clean your screen, add 50/50 water coolant. Dont use pure coolant as it does not cool properly and pure water will rust out and corrode your cooling system in very short order.

A good coolant should be slightly acidic.

This has worked on every vehicle I had an overheating issue with with the exception of when i had holes in my radiator.

I have never had one single issue ever with this procedure and the results are excellent.

I always ran a heavy duty clutch fan about 1/2 - 3/4" from radiator with no shroud (although a shroud would be much better).

I always ran a stock napa or autozone water pump.

I always ran a used radiator designed for a 305 / 350 chevy (mid 80s car factory radiator). In other words I ran radiators way smaller than what the factory would for a 455 4 barrel and my machine ran great.

I always had an air dam either below the radiator core support or below the bumper. Both or either force air thru the radiator during driving.

I never had air conditioning.

The next level to cooling system protection is this NAPA bypass coolant filter mount and it is cheap insurance to a clean system. You can get the filter at NAPA and change it like once a year or two (looks like an oil filter).

http://www.napafilters.com/filterlookup/PartDetail.asp?Part=4019


Please contribute useful reasonably organized information, and do not contribute vague or incoherent jibber jabber comments.

Also, ask any decently prepared questions you wish.

Smart *** comments welcome if they are included in a useful summary of information or dialogue. Fire at will.

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i know what your sayin man, i have a 68 barracuda with a 318, no clutch fan, no shroud, with the old beat up radiator, it never got hot. lol
 
Well, at least it is entertaining...

You make some good points about dirty cooling systems.

Since we are using pool equipment, I suggest you use your test kit to check the pH of your discharge water, to avoid killing plants & encounters with various agencies that want to make your life harder.

While you have the test kit out, may I suggest you perform a titration on the make-up water you plan to use for diluting your coolant. You are correct that a slightly acid coolant is better than one that is base.

FYI, straight distilled water will corrode all sorts of things - it is hard on pumps & plumbing in industry. Some dissolved solids are necessary to buffer the water. Distilled water is sometimes called "weld solvent" - you should see what it can do to a weld on a 304 stainless pipe.

De-Ionized water is even worse. As a friend said, "the fastest way to turn an aluminum radiator into a lawn sprinkler is to fill it with DI water" .

The big problem with some tap water is it is full of calcium carbonate & magnesium carbonate. Carbonates tend to precipitate out if the water goes over 100f for long periods of time. This causes a white scale buildup, and a loss of dissolved solids in the water.

If you have a water softener at your home, you are set. Water softeners use ion exchange to replace the calcium & magnesium with sodium or potassium. The net effect is markedly reduced scaling in a system because sodium and potassium carbonates are very soluble in water over a wide range of temperatures and pH; these chemicals do not come out of solution and if they did, they would redissolve.

So if you live someplace with hard water, there is a reason to buy the pre-mixed coolant which has the proper pH & dissolved solids to keep things in balance.

B.
 
Learn something new every day. Did not know about distilled water. Thanks.
 
Well, at least it is entertaining...

You make some good points about dirty cooling systems.



B.

What is even more awesome than the entertainment factor is how practical and effective the process is at improving cooling system functionality.


I reckon I will add that I am not recommending this process to anyone and if it sounded like I was, then it was incorrectly interpreted. It is just a fable about how things happened on another planet in 1906 in another dimension and how well it worked as a cure for overheating.
 
Hey bohica,

What would you suggest in addition to coolant? Like to cut the coolant down to 50/50?


Would you suggest treating distilled water or something? My well water is not a good idea for sure as I see white (calcium?) deposits on my swamp cooler which gets pretty thick over one summer, distilled water is not either according to your post.

I am not advanced enough to perform what ever titration is. I assume it is treatment to modify the additional dissolved components in a solution.
Sounds like part of the process which happens at the water treatment plant in an adjacent city which I took a tour of five years ago. Maybe I will go there and dip out a few buckets of their water.


Thanks for the details below btw.




Well, at least it is entertaining...

You make some good points about dirty cooling systems.

Since we are using pool equipment, I suggest you use your test kit to check the pH of your discharge water, to avoid killing plants & encounters with various agencies that want to make your life harder.

While you have the test kit out, may I suggest you perform a titration on the make-up water you plan to use for diluting your coolant. You are correct that a slightly acid coolant is better than one that is base.

FYI, straight distilled water will corrode all sorts of things - it is hard on pumps & plumbing in industry. Some dissolved solids are necessary to buffer the water. Distilled water is sometimes called "weld solvent" - you should see what it can do to a weld on a 304 stainless pipe.

De-Ionized water is even worse. As a friend said, "the fastest way to turn an aluminum radiator into a lawn sprinkler is to fill it with DI water" .

The big problem with some tap water is it is full of calcium carbonate & magnesium carbonate. Carbonates tend to precipitate out if the water goes over 100f for long periods of time. This causes a white scale buildup, and a loss of dissolved solids in the water.

If you have a water softener at your home, you are set. Water softeners use ion exchange to replace the calcium & magnesium with sodium or potassium. The net effect is markedly reduced scaling in a system because sodium and potassium carbonates are very soluble in water over a wide range of temperatures and pH; these chemicals do not come out of solution and if they did, they would redissolve.

So if you live someplace with hard water, there is a reason to buy the pre-mixed coolant which has the proper pH & dissolved solids to keep things in balance.

B.
 
I don't think he meant titration on the makeup water just a simple PH test with strips. I don't know anything about the best chemistry in a radiator but I was an engineer lab tech for navy boilers and nuclear reactors for 11 years. We actually used a high ph in the boilers, around 10.5 but we are talking boiling water not just hot water. We used common trisodium phosphate or TSP, like they sell in a paint store for cleaning, that takes the hard water minerals and makes a soft sludge that can be removed and also maintains a buffered ph in the 10.5 area. Conductivity, chloride, and dissolved oxygen are also bad things we look for. That's for low pressure boilers and by low pressure we are talking 600-700psi and 450 degrees or more. That's a big difference compared to a radiator and the materials are different as well so, like I said I don't know radiators.
The nuclear reactor chemistry is completely different, the water there is hotter but under so much pressure it does not boil. The chemistry control there makes my head hurt to try and remember.

Personally I like 50/50 tap water and antifreeze with an expansion tank so you don't have air in the system in my car. Then again freezing is a much bigger problem in Montana then overheating and I do have a water softener so there you go!
 
Distilled,does drop the PH,and electrolysis. All you listed,are the correct way.Nowadays,REAL radiator shops,are rare.Everyone ,throws water pumps,radiators,and band-aids now.Paying attention to the basics.Had a built 408.Ran the h/d brass 4 core Morons upgrade.Swapped in a Dorman electric fan setup,(2000 Ford Contour),engine break in hit,170 once.
 
Rice Nuker:

If you don't have the background or the materials to adjust the pH yourself, I would recommend using an off the shelf product like No-Rosion:

http://www.no-rosion.com/technical.htm

Use a 50/50 mix of distilled water & the coolant of your choice, then dose with No-Rosion.

One of the reasons I tell people to buy pre-mix for small jobs & make up after a repair is that the pre-mix is already buffered to the correct pH & hardness.

I just replaced a plastic / aluminum radiator that was 20 years old. It was the original unit in the vehicle, and failed about a year after a driveway flush & fill with local tap water / coolant. Calcium growth in the seam @ the gasket where the tank was crimped on literally bulged the aluminum header on the core.

B.
 
I just looked up some ph for radiator suggestions and this one seems to jive better for what I know about boiler corrosion.
http://www.eutechinst.com/techtips/tech-tips10.htm
So you do not want acidic you want basic. Even normal rain water is acidic at 5.7. I learned that my well water is actually basic at about 8 but that my "softener" is actually just changing the calcium and magnesium ions by replacing them with sodium ions. That actually doesn't sound good to me.
I think bohica2xo is right that the premix is the way to go, they take all these varibles out of the equation.
 
Hersbird:

The ion exchange is a good thing in this case.

Calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate found in tap water are radiator killers. The carbonates drop out of solution and harden like concrete when the temperature goes up. They never go back in to solution either. This is the white crud you find on the ends of radiator tubes.

Sodium and potassium salts do not drop out when you heat them, and can not remain solid in the presence of water. Your water softener output is better than tap water for a cooling system.

I spent about an hour with the guys from HECAT while I was at SEMA last week. They just spent a lot of time jumping through hoops to get their flushing machines qualified for both the US Army & a major helicopter company.

The owner shared a story about a large automotive water pump manufacturer, with several trailers full of new water pumps that had failed in less than a year - a huge warranty issue. Hecat was asked to asses the failures and present an action plan. After dissecting a 40 foot trailer full of dead water pumps, there were two piles:

1) Chemical attack
These pumps had melted seals, corrosion pits in stainless steel parts, reeked of solvents etc. All the product of flushing with aggressive chemicals or solvents that did not belong in the system - and were not properly removed before installing the new pump.

2) Mechanical damage
These pumps had impellers that were eroded or sandblasted. Seals that were ground to paste. Shafts worn away at the seal surface. Housings abraded or polished at high pressure points. Most of them still contained some sand, many had rusted iron trapped inside.

The two piles were very telling. Pile #1 was about 10% of the pumps. It takes some really awful chemical attack to kill a pump within the warranty period. 90% of the failed pumps would not have happened with better flushing, or the installation of a coolant filter. You can have pretty green coolant with a proper pH & still kill a water pump

Virtually all of the pumps were for cars less than 12 years old, spread across all brands. BMW, Honda, Chevrolet - it did not matter, they all had particle damage.

I have always used a coolant filter. Use the spin on unit with NO chemicals. Fleet Filter sells that 24019 Wix base & the 24070 filter at good prices - you can do the job for less than 50 bucks. And you get another 50 square inches of radiator surface in the deal.

B.
 
What's the general feeling of R/O Reverse Osmosis water?
 
Very nice and informed responses considering the potential raucousness of my initial post.

I see I was or could be wrong about the proper ph of coolant.

I have read and assumed that slightly acidic was the way to go.

Friggin pre-mix is so expensive as is all antifreeze.

My old Vet neighbor just filled his 58 Fairlane 500 Galaxy with half well water. Has a brand new 3 core radiator and a fairly fresh motor too. I will have to get him some of this no-rosion for a preventative .
 
Bohica,

Will reverse osmosis system water be "Kosher" for running in a radiator?

After autox mentioned it, I looked up some kits and it is supposed to remove essentially all minerals and chemicals from the water.

http://shop.budgetwater.com/product...ut=bluesky&productId=122&categoryStyle=Style1

For two hundred and some change, I would put one in just to remove potential minerals and misc stuff from our well water which tastes great but does have calcium or something in it.


My impression is that there is nothing left but water when it comes out of an R/O system which should be fine when treated with a little coolant treatment like the no-rosion you mentioned.

What do you think bohica?
 
RO water should be pretty much free from dissolved solids.

So treat it like distilled water. If you want drinking water from your well water, RO is great.

Use RO water for evaporation make-up in the coolant recovery tank. Any closed system with a recovery tank loses some water to evaporation over time.

If you use RO water for make up with straight coolant, treat it like it is distilled water. Buffering products are usually economical to use with closed systems. A few ounces can be all you need.

Just remember, do it right,do it once. I have run cooling systems for 4 years without a need to drain & dispose of the coolant. As the glycol breaks down in to glycolic acid, the pH of the coolant shifts. Water that is free from magnesium salts & properly buffered extends the life of the coolant.

B.
 
RO water should be pretty much free from dissolved solids.

So treat it like distilled water. If you want drinking water from your well water, RO is great.

Use RO water for evaporation make-up in the coolant recovery tank. Any closed system with a recovery tank loses some water to evaporation over time.

If you use RO water for make up with straight coolant, treat it like it is distilled water. Buffering products are usually economical to use with closed systems. A few ounces can be all you need.

Just remember, do it right,do it once. I have run cooling systems for 4 years without a need to drain & dispose of the coolant. As the glycol breaks down in to glycolic acid, the pH of the coolant shifts. Water that is free from magnesium salts & properly buffered extends the life of the coolant.

B.

So you are saying RO water is the same, better, or worse than distilled water??

I'm using straight RO water with coolant additives that include SCA's. I'm only at 76 mV electrolysis voltage test.
 
Good writeup. Before changing a failed radiator (leaking), I drain and fill w/ water and Prestone SuperFlush, which I recall is a citrus product (acid, like yours). I use the old radiator as a filter to catch the junk. If easy, I remove the block drains. A lot of crud comes out and you often need to use a screwdriver to free them up. As you, I put a screen in the top hose when installing the new (or cleaned) radiator to catch chunks. 99 Cent stores sells a set of kitchen drain screens that I remove the border from the smallest one. I run pure water for a day or two, then flush and fill 50/50 using distilled or "purified" (de-ionized) water. When I have seen the cooling passages in a block after this (head off or such), it looks pristine. Citric acid is used to wash flux from circuit boards, so must work well. You could go to the other extreme in pH and try TSP, but it removes paint, so might attack gaskets and seals.
 
Nice Bill, thank you.

Here is a source for not only friggin citric acid at a good price but also lye if you want to build a vat to clean your parts. And all other sorts of extracts and organic substances:

http://www.bulkapothecary.com/bulkchemicalsandcosmeticingredients.htm


I suspect that everyone knows that concentrated acids and bases are extraordinarily dangerous and should be handled and or mixed with gloves, glasses, very near a garden hose for flushing or rinsing, only use outdoors and following the proper dilution processes (always add it to water, not water to it). You may get burned, die, asphyxiated or blinded by being careless. Other than that, acids and bases are great ways to clean the hell out of things depending on their composition.

I am getting lye in probably a steel bucket with water to clean iron and steel car parts next. Will eliminate paint, possibly rubber, epoxy, grease, glue, and maybe plastic, leaving only metal. Aluminum will disappear producing heat and hydrogen so thats a no go..
 
Now that we have covered the most important thing which is a cleaned and flowing cooling system lets move on.

Anyway, I am going to start talking about some additional considerations and see if anyone joins in.


CFM, plenums, thermostats, surface area and coolant volume are some fundamentals which come to mind first off.


CFM first: Volume (size) of air (in this case thru the radiator) pulled or sometimes pushed by radiator fans and the car moving forward.

My thoughts: (Mopar and may others) factory thermostatic clutch fan will flow more volume than any aftermarket or factory electric cooling fan, while still operating efficiently in regards to horsepower consumption.
A fixed fan mechanical will flow plenty of air but will not disengage which leads to noise, vibration, drag on belts, more fuel consumption and considerable horse power waste.

Advantages to a clutch fan: cheap, zero maintenance, reliability for 20+ years, zero complexity, disengages at high rpm or when not needed ( factory thermo / hydraulic control).
Downside: flows less at idle than at 1700 rpm, potential space constraints, not neato or hi-tech looking. I cannot think of one more downside to a thermostatically controlled clutch fan.

Plenum: a chamber for air to travel. In this case both in front of the radiator and between the fan and the rear of radiator (fan shroud).
In front, serving to expose the entire radiator to cool air entering from grille and bumper area. In the rear, serving to provide equally distributed low pressure across the entire surface of the radiator backside to maximize extracted air and heat by the radiator fan. Secondly the rear plenum or fan shroud is shaped so that there is an almost perfect seal between the fan and the shroud while allowing air to spill outward off the tips of the back half of the fan blades.

Air dam: basically an extension of the radiator support or bumper made of rubber or plastic which directs air which is "trying" to go under the car, up thru the radiator thus increasing the positive pressure on the front of the radiator while simultaneously creating a low pressure area behind the radiator support (engine bay area) which helps suck the hot air out of the radiator - rearward.
 
any one know where i can get an original 1964 dodge dart coolant recovery tank vehicle is almost all original just need some parts no matter how expensive?
 
Good stuff other than the fact that I would remove the heater hoses and flush that separate just so you dont force all hat rust and scale into the heater core.
 
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