Loud Thud Feeling When Braking

Don't adjust anything until you make sure everything is properly connected from one end of the linkage to the other. If a lock nut got loose look for an indentation on the part it clamped down on and use that as a start to get everything tightened back down.

Exactly. Grab the throttle lever on the carb with your hand and pull it full throttle. Make sure the kickdown pushes towards the back of the car when you do that. You'll be able to grab the kickdown and push it manually and you'll be able to see if the rod goes all the way back or not. When you get to adjusting, you're just trying to make it go all the way back when the carb is WOT. There's a few other factors, but that's the basic target.