Pulled the Mess that was my Timing Chain....

Yes there should be an index pin in the cam. The hole looks egg shaped to me. All the black "gunk" around that hole in the cam and on the cam gear is a combination of metal particles and oil from the metal fretting and grinding. Now mind you I'm not an expert on the slant but it also looks to me like the cam gear has cut into the block where it rides but I may be incorrect on that. The washer looking thing I have no clue. As far as the wear on the gear teeth that is probably the result of the camshaft walking in and out of the block causing a side loading of the chain to the gear teeth. My hunch is the cut around the cam on the front of the block isn't normal and the metal from the pin working acted like valve grinding compound. I would personally pull the oil filter and cut it apart to see how much metal is in there. Personally the prognosis isn't good in my opinion. I think you've got a lot of metal floating around in there. Again this is what I see, someone else will be along that's more familiar with the slant.