Brake emergency

But I do expect that if I am driving 30 mpg and slam the brake all the way down, that I should either skid or stop and/or the wheels should stop spinning. Is that correct?
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THIS "Single system" has nothing to do with how good the brakes work when they have a good hard pedal. The ONLY reason we have (variations on) dual systems nowadays, is so that if you pop something in the hydraulics, HOPEFULLY the "other end" of the car will allow you to get it stopped

"Drums" systems SEEM simple, but there is a LOT of little "gotchas."

Pickups especially..........marginal drum brakes on earlier pickups are EASILY made much much worse by installing large diameter tires!!!!!

If someone......over the years......has swapped something, incorrectly, such as too small wheel cylinders, too large master cylinder

I said this earlier PAY ATTENTION If the drums are too large oversize, the shoes won't contact the drums except in the centers of the shoe lining. The center part that hits is overworked, gets hot and glazed, and then it won't stop for anybody

Drums MUST be smooth, round, and not "bell shaped" (cylindrical all the way across, not tapered) They must not be turned "out" too large see above.

Rusted stuck cylinders, wrong linings (shoes) or shoes INSTALLED WITH secondary lining facing wrong way.

On some cars it is possible to end up with shoes which are correct except NARROWER than designed. This presents a number of problems