Did I toast my 340?

Show me that left side intake gasket (both sides of the crossover port)
My money is on the theory that the coolant in there right now seeped in after you last shut it off from the same place it came up on top of the intake.
Bet you anything the gasket looks trashed at the crossover, and at least cylinders 3/5 (I guess that would be 4&6:D) have a blown out ring on the head gasket.
(AND the either one or both 4&6 plugs are nasty and look different than the others.
Also note how the crossover port is wet inside, and there isn't coolant anywhere near there to run down from pulling the intake, as it's to centralized in the block and there is only coolant at the ends of the intake and block.
If it came from pulling the intake it would be at both ends of the engine and not only in the center.

I think you got REALLY lucky and just need to replace the head gaskets and intake gaskets.
Well, that and oil and filter obviously.
Paper towels will soak up that coolant puddle, but just let it soak it up and not rub all around in there or you'll get paper shed all in there.

OH, and Roy is correct about that stuff on the lifters being deposits and not heat discoloration.
You can prove it to yourself if you want by wiping it off with some carb cleaner or whatever and a cloth. (you can't wipe of heat discoloration)
Thanks everyone. I now have two really known local engine builders on my list. I may as well pull the heads and have them checked out. Thanks again, Paul