Miles/gallon: Newer vs Older Cars

Probably most of us are on this site due to the 60s muscle cars. But some newer cars have high horsepower, pass smog, and have reasonable fuel economy. I know new technology helps, but were the older cars just a lot more inefficient? Where have the main improvements come from?
My 2014 V6 5spd auto Challenger gets right about that posted 30 mpg on the Hwy. considering it is in a near 4,000lbs. car, I'd say the computer is regulating the engine very well along with the overdrive trans, it is a pleasure to drive around. It is rated at 305 HP.

Did the /6 get this kind of mileage?
No, it actually did better when the factory entered the mileage contest between the manufacturers. Mopar did the best most always and by a good margin. But the cars were very light and super tuned for the mileage contest. And there hp ceiling was a bit lower.