Cam, Compression ratio and octane ratings??? Help?!

The key is what you dynamic CR is... the static is a starting point. I have run 10.2 SCR with a very narrow duration cam, and iron heads (351C) and it worked fine. I was not aggressive on ignition timing, installed the cam straight up (no cam advance) and stuck with premium; it would indeed knock on regular, so it was near the limit. (It did have quench.)

As an aside, the old octane ratings were 'Research' octane numbers, which were higher than 'Motor' octane. The numbers used now in the US are the average of the 2. So the older fuel was not really all that much better on octane, if at all. And, the old CR numbers were certainly quote 'optimistic'; the real numbers were lower.

I ran SCR numbers on your setup and did not come up with your level of SCR. I used the following numbers:
Bore 4.06
Stroke 3.58
Head chamber volume 72 cc ( a tiny bit more CR)
Head gasket thickness .051" (Standard Felpro's; what did you assume?)
Flat top pistons .010" below deck
Pistons eyebrow volume 5 cc (What actual pistons do you have?)

With the above numbers, I come up with SCR = 9.4:1.

With your cam installed as ground with 4 degrees cam advance, then the ICA is 60 degrees and the DCR is 7.75:1..... VERY safe IMHO.

Can you give the head gasket and pistons used?

BTW, I use the Pat Kelley CR computations.