The smaller stud on solenoid of starter, goes to small stud on starter relay (S5 #12 Brown). The (A1A #10 Black) wire from battery +, goes to big stud on starter relay. I think your description or wiring is in error.
You are correct. I misinterpreted the cables from the starter. The large stud goes to the battery. The cable on the small stud parallels the larger cable until it gets close to the battery post but then there's a large black blob over both cables. The smaller cable runs back to the starter relay. The connection from the starter solenoid to the starter relay checks out.
My next task is to recheck the wiring from the ignition switch.
It is possible to use replacement terminals, with crimp and bolt connections. I did a post a few months ago.
A tale of battery cables