Good idea nm9! Or just run the car without hood for some testing. When you then have lower temperatures at all speeds you know how to proceed. The fact that a lot of your changes didn't do anything to the temperatures makes me think that something fundamental is off.
I had a similar problem in my E-body (long gone) with a much lesser engine, but then it simply was the original radiator --> bad "connections" between the mesh and the water channels of the radiator.