Bolt torque discussion

Interesting.... Just a wild guess on the thinking behind this, but it sounds like this particular concept of properly torqued is to try to achieve a set amount of stress in the bolt/stud. Are they looking at bolt stretch and trying to get the stretch to be in proportion to the length, or ????
Well theoretically all recommended torque spec are based on the optimum stretch for the material, but as I understood it the longer a fastener, is it would need slightly more torque to be optimum.