Had headlights, then high beam only, now nothing

Still checking things out, by the way.
It has to be methodical. The fact you are struggling with what the meters can tell you is OK. But jumping around is throwing darts blindfolded.
Start at one end, where the trouble was spotted (the headlamps) and work back. Do it in pictures. or do it in writing. Its very hard to help when we have to read between the lines.
Try low beam, & it's like a dead short & pulls car's amp
meter, strongly, to discharge
!
Is it over 20 amps? (meter is 40 amps to 40 amps, center is zero)
If over 30: DANGER DANGER Will Rogers! STOP.
Reading between the lines here, I'm going to make the following assumptions:
Engine is off, key is off, headlights are working.
If so, then yes it is likely a short in the headlight circuit. There's enough resistance it didn't pop the circuit breaker right away. The breaker on stock headlight switch is 15 amps. But if you used a switch for another model, then it could have a 20 amp breaker.
There is no relay OEM. The functional path is.........tapped off the black ammeter wire "welded splice"............to the headlight switch....through the switch .........to the dimmer switch........out the dimmer on high and low beam wires...........through the bulkhead connector.............to the headlight harness..........split off to the two lamp connectors.........to ground somwhere on the radiator support
^^^^^^^This^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Don't know what year your car is, but if you prefer drawings, schematically its like this.*
Colors and details below are 68 or 69. Check the FSM for specifics for your year and model.
upload_2019-5-20_14-11-2.png

*1976 the concept is similar but the scheme is more involved.