1965 Dart Charging System Question

which would seem to mean that my trouble is under the dash
Yes, exactly. There are three terminal connections before the main splice and it is possible for the ammeter's studs to get loose. They are pressed into a metal plate so its pretty unusual. I don't know how hard it is to access on your car, but I'd do it this way. IF the voltage drops confirm its behind the dash, check at the inside of the bulkhead first. If that's OK, then disconnect the battery and check that the nuts holding the ring terminals to the ammeter aren't loose, and the studs arne't loose. If possible do a visual inspection of those terminals.

Without the engine running the wire from the alternator output to the main splice acts just like an extension of the voltmeter's lead.
I've not used the Power probe. I don't know how it works so hesitate to say this is true when using it.

When we measure voltage as we've been doing, we've been assuming no resistance in the ground paths.
The current returns from the rotor through the block, as does the ignition.
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A way to isolate the drop is to directly measure voltage differences in the line where current is flowing.

Here's an illustrative example.
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In this example, there is little drop in the first section of the battery circuit. However there is a big difference in the return from the alternator case to the battery's negative post. So in this example, most of the resistance is in the return path. Next steps would be to check the alternator to block and block to battery.