69 273 headlights wont turn on

they were never working, and now the altenator stopped working. I think there is something seriously electrically wrong with the car.

You can decide if you're up for tackling this.
For diagnostics, start with the battery, make sure its fully charged.
What or how did you notice that the alternator stopped working?

FWIW here's what I see in the engine bay.

The battery cable clamps (arrows) are the type used for quick repairs. These can fail by breaking, loose clamping of the wire, etc. So do at least a visual check of their condition.
In the white circle - not sure what that is. Its a location that was sometimes used for the voltage regulator but I'm guessing what we see is something aftermarket.
In the Red circle is the voltage regulator in the standard location.
upload_2020-7-23_23-53-12.png

The wiring at the alternator does seem to be a mess. Alternator itself is obviously a recent rebuild or replacement.
Fixing the alternator wiring shoiuldn't be that difficult.
One more item I don't recognize, but may be original and related to Clean Air Package.
upload_2020-7-23_23-56-49.png