How Does an older Carb without a Choke Pull Off Do It?

That is the primary choke pull, usually vacuum operated. Some carbs have vacuum operated primary and secondary choke pulls.
External. Hooked up with a vacuum hose. Most primary choke pulls get their vacuum directly from the carb. The secondary pulls often go through a thermal vacuum switch that is screed into the intake coolant passage. The thermal switches also provide a timed vacuum signal for the valve in the air cleaner snorkel.