How do modern cars regulate temperature so well?

The key word on the newer cars is cooling SYSTEM.. This includes the coolant flow within the engine, also.
The main reason the oems don't put numbers on the temp gauges, is they don't want to scare the uninformed driver. I have seen a few vehicles, that have 195 t stats but don't turn on the cooling fans untill about 240 degrees.

Right. It also includes the stuff you never see anyone talk about here when they have cooling issues, but I HAMMER on it constantly. The grille opening, any spaces and voids behind the front bumper. Openings in the K frame forward of the main cross member. On these cars with really high horse power builds, "all that area" needs to be closed off, like on a new car. All those plastic shields under new cars? It ain't there for looks! It's all part of the cooling system to help direct more air through the grill opening. Just like front air dams on most newer cars. There's "something" under the front bumper (cover) or the cover itself is engineered to help push air trying to go under the vehicle back up and through the grill opening. I've preached it till I'm blue in the face that these mods will help out older cars as well, but am usually ignored.