What would cause my barely used green bearing to do this?

Not at all apples to apples.
High powered and high side loading does not equate.
Why is it so hard for the defenders to answer “What slid wrong with tapered bearings?”.

All axles have side loading, even ones with a c-clip to absorb some of that. I work with bearings in high speed/high power applications for a living, all of which see significant axial loading, and none of them are taper bearings. There's no advantage, bearings are so well made today that even angular contact bearings are out of favor for a simple deep groove ball bearing.

On the second, nothing is "so wrong" with taper bearings. There's a level of simplicity to a ball bearing that, if you're doing work pulling/installing axles, is appreciated. I wouldn't pull a set of tapers just for fun, but if I need to replace wheel bearings, I absolutely install a set of green bearings.