340 issue after camshaft change

Just use an oil can
This is what I think the OP did since there was no oil inside the lifter. The lifters have a very light spring under the retainer and its easy to push past that tension and still rotate the pushrod.

On my 410 5.9 build, I took all 16 Hyd Roller lifters apart and emptied the light weight viz oil out and refilled them with 5W30. Made feeling that retainer move much easier.
with the pump on it
This is what I think the OP did since there was no oil inside the lifter. The lifters have a very light spring under the retainer and its easy to push past that tension and still rotate the pushrod.

On my 410 5.9 build, I took all 16 Hyd Roller lifters apart and emptied the light weight viz oil out and refilled them with 5W30. Made feeling that retainer move much easier.
Use a pump oil can to push oil in the lifter feed hole. Now they are primed. KISS.