1974 318 duster. Can I port/polish these heads and get enough power out of them?

With no further tuning or modifications
The reason should be obvious.
To the op leave the stock cam in it for now. Focus on tuning and get it dialed in really well. Timing and carb. Most people don’t spend enough time sorting this stuff out. Build your diff with a sure grip and your choice of street gears 3:23-3:55. Then put a good converter in it, Around 2800 stall. It will surprise you how well your car will run in that state. Especially if you get the tune dialed in.