So after doing some more digging around with a test light, I determined that there was in fact an issue with the turn signal switch/cam. I replaced the cam and got the signals back for a brief moment before the cheap replacement part broke on me, and even when it was working I needed to fiddle with the lever to keep them flashing. I also discovered that my brake lights are also out, even after "fixing" the turn signals. Brake light switch is good, checked it with a test light, but when I had it all hooked up, both wires lit the test light regardless of the switch being on or off. I am unsure if the issue still is coming from the turn signal switch or if there's something else I'm missing.