Thoughts on how to fix a depression in the roof

Take a look at the underside of your hood. You will see there are blobs of seam sealer that connect the hood skin to the under brace. This is mostly to prevent vibration but it would work to keep your roof from popping again. You want to use something like seam sealer that has some give to it.
I know you dont want to remove the headliner but this problem is not going away just by popping it back up.

I agree with this. Even though the panel popped back, metal has a memory and it will probably pop again when you put force on it while waxing or washing it. Unless you want to fill it up with body filler, metal shrinking or a Rusty Rad Rod suggested, an old school bodyman who knows his way around an english wheel to re create the roof panel section is the only way I've seen of properly repairing the roof panel. Yes, you can put wedges etc. underneath it but thats not a guarantee it will be a permanent fix. As others have stated, the headliner needs to be dropped to properly assess the damage.