What are all the daubs of color for? 73 Dart

Document ALL of them. Those are inspection marks put on at the factory. Some of them indicate that certain fasteners were tightened. Others differentiate one part from another on the assembly line. For instance, torsion bars were marked with paint codes so the assembly line workers could easily see what part they were grabbing. It was much easier(quicker) to look at a paint daub color then read a part #. Leaf springs had paint marks and so do rear end housings. They all have a meaning.

I'd love to see more pictures of them. You should soak those LCA's in EvapoRust. That will get rid of the rust but leave the paint marks intact.