Misfire at cruise, popping/afterfire at 3000RPM

Darkness in a manifold isn't necessarily rich/lean. It's gas reversion. The clean areas are where fuel has washed the deposits away. That's why one side of the bores in the center are clean, but the other side is still dark. I wouldn't make guesses about rich/lean based on the color inside the manifold. The sparkplugs are present for combustion, so rely on them instead.

I can't remember, have you pulled the valve covers and looked over your preload/lash to rule out a cam failure?

Dark spark plugs can indicate rich, but can also be impacted by timing and plug heat range. With a misfire situation, you're looking mostly for differences. The observation about the dull header pipes is a good one. I'd be looking there for signs of a cam failure (by pulling the valve covers and looking at lift/lash/preload) or for a bent/missing pushrod, or looking for stuff that could have caused excess fuel delivery. The sticking throttle plates might be a partial contributor there somehow, but I'd be looking deeper into the carbs to rule out other issues (float height, power valve condition, etc).

The valve covers have been off and I manually checked the rockers for preload, but I didn't actually measure. I sent the heads in for a valve job, their cylinder head guy said virtually none of the valves were sealing. With the heads (and intake) off, I was able to get eyes on the cam, and all lobes looked good. I also pulled and checked all of the pushrods, none bent.

Heads back on, car runs much better, except the misfire appears now around 3400 instead of 3000RPM.

I forgot to mention that I suspected a lean condition causing the misfire, so I richened the center carb just a bit, which may be the cause of the dark plugs.

Looks like a case of Holleyitis. There is a vaccine, it is called Carter.....

Some cyls maybe misfiring because of the fouled plugs, which would account for the difference in header temps.
Plugs should be heat range 5 in NGK, no colder.
I would remove the centre carb & make sure you have 0.040" or less of T slot showing. More than 080 would probably account for the rich idle & indicate bypass air is needed.

Haha, I thought the cure was fuel injection... :D

I will say that the misfire happens even with all new plugs. I'm running Autolite 85 plugs, which are heat range 5.