Carter 4 Barrel Top Cover Leaking

Wouldn't that turn the fuel to vapor, rather than over fill the bowl?

Now maybe the fuel in the fill line is vaporizing and expanding pushing additional fuel into the bowl?

My bet is on high float levels.
It can literally boil the fuel in the bowl, especially now with all the ethanol in the fuel. You know how a pot can boil over. Well, so can a float bowl.
Now I will agree with your suggestion about boiling the fuel line fuel & fuel pressure should not be excessive. Those are a real possibility, too. Especially considering how weak the Carter needle/seat are in sealing. When/if you take the bowl cover off, you should check that the seats are screwed in all the way, tightly. You don't have to go crazy on them, but they have to be tight.