Hopefully someone can explain how this relay works?

If the relay in this image is the one you are referring to...

View attachment 1715982741


The relay supplies power to ING 1 (red arrow )

The control of the relay comes from the "FICM relay control" providing a ground to energize the relay. (Green path to ground)
That is indeed the relay.

The p0875 is pretty common in Allison’s. A faulty reverse pressure switch, faulty or dirty NSBU switch, or the internal harness are all common reasons for setting that code.
https://www.ecuforcetruck.com/produ...-reverse-pressure-switch-circuit-malfunction/
Have replaced the pressure switch, the NSBU switch and the internal harness. The pressure switch also monitors the fluid temp...which is what started all of this. Trans temp, according to the TCM was 230*. Hit the trans sump with an infrared thermometer and it was 160*. Replaced the NSBU just because. Also replaced the internal harness. When I unhooked the external harness from the case it had a good amount of atf in it, so it needed to be replaced anyway.

Odd thing is that code won’t cause a no start condition.
The no start.....this was a bit weird. Put an ohm meter across....need to go look to verify this...the ecmb fuse and it showed continuity. When I probed the rear of the fuse one side had 12 volts, the other did not. Replaced the fuse and the truck started. However, it still throws the generic code of p0700 along with p0875. And on a regular basis the shift indicator light will flash. Truck goes from slamming into gear to no engagement at all. I have read that the ignition switch can often be the culprit. But I am going to go probe around the NSBU wiring today, just want to make sure that when I was snipping the zip ties off of it I did not accidentally nip anything. When I cut the zip ties I was doing so somewhat blind...was not wearing my glasses.