What could cause this? 360 problems ####update####

I'm no help, but looking to learn.
I can say when we replaced the top end in our 273, that I installed crank gear wrong. Like Max mentioned ours had 3 keyway choices and of course I picked the wrong one lol. A member here Badsport and others here helped solve my problem. Thankfully discovered the issue while engine was on stand. Turned over by hand and it locked up...pulled valve cover and 2 push rods were bent.
Good luck!
Was this an orig stock engine? Or apart previously and worked on?
Did you pull the heads and check the valves? If it's enough to bend a pushrod, it's enough to bend the heads of valves. I sure wouldn't proceed without checking.