Why are the 11.75 Brake Better?

I recently purchased the bigger 11.75 caliper brackets. After buying them I found out they take the same brake caliper and brake pad as the smaller 11 inch rotor.

If the clamping force by the brake caliper and the surface area of the brake pad remain the same, then how does only a bigger rotor improve braking? Heat disapation I can see but I was shocked to find out the 12 inch rotors take the same caliper and brake pad as 11 inch.