Details - Flipping Pistons earns 5,000 dollars - LITERALLY ??

Page 154, really good read .
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A piston pin offset can be used to affect the secondary movement of the piston, and there-
fore the formation of a lubricant film on the piston skirt. For this reason, a parameter study
was performed with a stepwise change in the offset, from a value of 0.5 mm toward the
antithrust side (ATS) to 0.5 mm toward the thrust side (TS).
The results of the comparison of offsets, from 0.5 mm toward the antithrust side and 0.5
mm toward the thrust side, are described below. The FMEP difference maps for fired and
motored externally charged operation, Figure 7.38, yield very different curves. This leads to
the conclusion that the piston pin offset is a parameter that is strongly dependent on the
component temperature.
In motored externally charged operation, Figure 7.38 left, there is a strong dependence of
the friction mean effective pressure difference on the peak cylinder pressure at lower speeds.
The load dependency decreases as speed increases. The greatest apparent advantage of
offsetting in the direction toward the thrust side is seen at low speed and high load.
In actual fired operation, however, Figure 7.38 right, a clear dependence on speed can be
seen for low loading. The dependence on speed drops off clearly as the load increases. The
greatest potential of the thrust-side offset for reducing friction mean effective pressure can
be detected at low load and high speed.
Figure 7.39 shows the frictional losses of the four offset variants that were tested, comparing
different speeds. The variant with an offset of 0.5 mm toward the thrust side always exhibited

7.3 Measurement of friction losses on a fired engine 155
Figure 7.39: Frictional losses for four different offsets, at different speeds and pmi = 10 bar, engine
temperature 100°C
the least frictional loss, regardless of the speed. A change in the offset in the direction of the
thrust side, or in direction of the antithrust side, causes an increase in frictional loss.