Loud pop and sputter on WOT? 68 318 Barracuda

The lean mixture at cruise can overheat the plugs which at WOT then preignite the mixture. Then as the plugs cool off it runs normal.
Check your plug color at cruise. If they are white to yellow, they are running too hot. If the insulators are speckled, that may be evidence of past preignition. If the porcelains are glazed, replace with lower heatrange plugs, and fix the AFR.
The long-standing hesitation points to a momentary lean AFR. This is easily fixed but the how of it varies with carb type, coolant temp, and Ignition timing is a factor.
Make sure your vacuum advance is working correctly
Thanks! That was very helpful in visualizing what's happening. I will pull the plugs and see how they are after the trip. I drove 300 miles round trip for the eclipse.

Reading an AMC manual for later BBDs, it suggests adjustments to the metering rods are required for heavy load enrichment. Am I reading that correctly? I'd have to study further on how exactly to adjust the metering rods.

*added* The vacuum advance I've had a lot of work on. I ended up replacing the entire distributor because the advance diaphragm broke. It's not solved the hesitation issue.