New to me 73 duster 340

What do you mean by cam being retarded? What other internals could have that big of an impact on power?
The way the cam was installed into the engine. Read about cam degreeing, it can have a big impact on power

As for your timing question I run 18 initial and 37 total on my small block stroker. I just runs =what the engine likes. There is no one answer fits all applications