The Ammeter was the issue getting power through the firewall. After those wires were removed from the aftermarket gauge, power began to make it through the dash and rest of the car.
Most aftermarket ammeters work the same as the factory. Power from the battey flows through them.
At one time these were super common 'cause most Chevies were getting warning warning lights and hot rodders wanted their gages.
So disconnecting should have stopped the power flow.
Possibilities are:
a. You connected the feed wires together
b. The ammeter is a shunted ammeter which internally has high resistance. The power flows around it through an external shunt.
c. Its a voltmeter which has very high resistance. No power flows through voltmeters.
d. Someone connected the ammeter to ground creating a short. A dangerous short to boot.