Dude, the search button is your friend. :-D
They have the same main and rod size, so they can be interchanged. If your swapping crankshafts you should have everything balanced anyway.
'68-'71 340 crankshafts are forged, while the majority of 318 crankshafts are cast. Not all though, early 318's and truck 318's had forged crankshafts too.
Haven't seen like types side by side (ie, 340 forged vs 318 forged) to say whether or not the 340 cranks are better. I would imagine the later '72-'73 340 cast crankshafts are the same as the 318 cast crankshafts. But, again, I haven't seen them side by side.
The next question is, why? Are you swapping a 340 crank into a 318 for more strength? Or looking for a replacement 340 crankshaft? I would think that even a stock 318 cast crank would have no issues handling up to 400 hp, so, I don't think I'd worry about putting a stronger crank in a 318 unless I was planning on racing. Pretty much the same for the 318 crank in the 340, I wouldn't worry about it unless I was making 400 + hp or racing.