Might be a bad alternator, is that all you are hooking up?
GENERALLY "the" way to troubleshoot shorts of this nature is by putting a lamp in series with battery ground so you don't frizzle stuff
I utilize three different lamps "in general.".............
Start with a HEAVY lamp, like a headlamp
Another good tool is a stop / tail socket with a bulb. You can wire this in combination a number of ways
use the ground shell for one terminal
Twist the two socket wires together for the other terminal
Now you have a nice heavy wattage lamp
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For a little less, untwist the two wires, and use the bright stop filament
For a smaller lamp yet, use only the tail wire
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And for a REALLY light wattage bulb, don't use the shell. Instead use the two socket wires as the terminals. This puts the two lamp terminals in series
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Anyhow, start out with your "heavy" bulb
Unhook the battery ground, and hook your bulb in series with the ground
You could not have a wrench shorting the main battery cable to engine or body, and the only thing that will happen is that your test lamp will light!!!
Try unhooking ONLY the alternator, hook up your test lamp. Touch the black alternator wire to the alternator output stud. If the lamp lights.........YOU have a shorted alternator