Chromoly is typically in reference to the type of steel. Most any alloy steel contains chromium and molybdenum, hence 'chromoly'. 4130, 4140, etc are examples, but plenty of steels use the combination. Thing is, it's nothing special. It became a buzzword due to the popularity of chromoly type alloys being used for roll cages, air frames, etc, and was associated with 'high strength' despite the fact that lower grades are no better than carbon steels like 1045-1065, but were used because it's easier to draw into forms like tubes due to the more ductile nature of the material.
Moly, or molybdenum, is a coating/finish that's friable and wears in quickly. It's basically a dry film lubricant, but also acts to burnish the surfaces as it abrades away which is why they break in so fast.
While chrome plating and moly aren't found together, 'chromoly' doesn't indicate chrome plating and moly combined..