here in the UK anything over 40 years, if registered as a historic/club vehicle, No Test...... (although that only been the case for 10 years and they are consulting on changing it back)
unless you want to have a test.
I go after i have taken it all apart and put it back together.... second set of eyes for £34, bargain
Anything else newer, online nationally approved test at qualified certified test centre, test detail is dictated by age of car and the law since it was made.
if it fails on an aspect that makes it dangerous to drive (in the view of the tester) you have to get it fixed there...
any warning lights on the dash on....auto fail
any chip in the windscreen in line of sight while driving auto fail.
the seat back is nt in a fixed position fail
anything loose or sharp fail
tyres outside of fenders fail....
US style plate that fits US style plate frame Fail (if he cares enough or doesn't like you)
noisy bearings
any free play
any rust damage within a specific distance of a load bearing structure
any welding visible deemed not OEM on steering components.....
Emissions
brake efficiency
structure
tyres (you will get a warning if your tyres are aged in any way)
headlamp aim
activation of governor on a diesel
etc etc fail fail fail...
cops can pull you at any time and demand proof of a pass
national breakdown services won't rescue you from the motorway if you have no test, have to go for a local garage
your insurance is invalid with no test pass
no test no insurance, repeat offender, you can go to prison... fine and 5 year ban more likely
it has to be on the ramp/in the bay for 40 minutes minimum.
UK MOT test not as hard to pass as the German TUV test but it is kinda rigorous
Dave