When a cam lobe fails it throws debris off, and some of it ends up in the bottom of the cylinders, then gets picked up by the piston and dragged up and down the bore. Ask me how I know, LOL. This is one of the reasons for a full engine teardown, to clean, rehone the bores and check rings and bearings.
Will it run just fine without going this far? Probably, but I definitely recommend pulling the pan, looking for scoring in the bores and pulling / inspecting the bearings and crank journals.
I had a nicely broken in 408 with a Mopar 509 cam. After 2000 miles I changed the oil and mistakenly went to a full synthetic with no zinc or additive. After 10 miles of driving it wiped a lobe. I took the preventative measure of pulling and tearing down the engine as I had a fair amount of cash in it and wanted maximum life out of it. I had to polish the crank, replace con rod bearings, and lightly hone the cylinders.
Just my 2 cents.