What they convert
A catalytic converter turns:
- Carbon monoxide (CO) → carbon dioxide (CO₂)
- Unburned hydrocarbons (HC) → water (H₂O) + CO₂
- Nitrogen oxides (NOx) → nitrogen (N₂) + oxygen (O₂)
Yes —
nitrogen oxides (NOx) can indirectly harm shellfish, though the effect isn’t usually
direct poisoning. The main issue is how NOx changes the chemistry of the water.
Here’s how it works:
1. NOx contributes to ocean acidification
NOx released into the air (from cars, power plants, agriculture) can dissolve into rainwater and form nitric acid.
When this enters the ocean or coastal waters, it
lowers pH slightly, contributing to acidification.
Why this harms shellfish
Shellfish such as oysters, clams, mussels, and scallops need carbonate ions to build their
calcium carbonate shells.
Acidification reduces carbonate availability, making it:
- harder for juveniles to form shells
- easier for existing shells to dissolve
- more energy-intensive to grow
This leads to
lower survival and slower growth, especially in larvae.
2. NOx can also cause nutrient pollution
Nitrogen compounds that settle from air pollution can act like fertilizer in coastal waters.
This can trigger
algal blooms, which:
- reduce water clarity
- deplete oxygen when algae die and decay
- create “dead zones” where shellfish can’t survive
Oxygen depletion (hypoxia) is extremely stressful or fatal to shellfish.
3. Direct toxicity is minimal
NOx doesn’t typically reach concentrations in water that would
directly poison shellfish. The harm is mostly through
acidification and
eutrophication.