You can print an stl, but editing a mesh is a pain at best. (.stl files are saved as a mesh, which represents shapes by thousands of triangles)
If you're looking to export a file that can be printed without converting (at least the slicers most people will use) and can also be easily edited by any CAD package, export as a STEP file. They can have either a .stp extension, or .STEP (which breaks from the standard 8.3 file name structure, but isn't really an issue these days)
Mesh Example and a comparison of the same shape as a mesh vs a solid body.
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