FRONT END ALIGNMENT QUESTIONS

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CFD244

"THE NEW OLDSMOBILES ARE IN EARLY THIS YEAR"
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Hi Folks

I know that I read this before, but I can't find it. I what order are front end adjustments made?

Also, when Skosh says 1/16 to 1/8 toe, does that mean total toe between both sides or toe per side?

Thanks FABO
 
The eccentrics move caster and camber at the same time.

Do that first, toe is last.

Toe is both tires related to each other.
 
The adjustments are interactive, so you have to iterate multiple times. You start with setting the ride height, but adjustments to caster and camber affect the ride height, so you have to go back and check, and re-check.
 
Set the ride height, then the camber and caster, and then toe. The SKOSH chart lists total toe, so 1/8" toe in is 1/16" per side. Most shops will measure the toe in degrees anyway, and if you're using toe plates or something you're measuring total toe.

Ride height changes will change ALL of the alignment settings. Camber changes do change ride height, but in the setting of a static alignment you shouldn't have to be changing the camber so much that it requires you to go back and change the ride height again. Caster changes won't change ride height at all as long as the wheels are straight ahead. Both camber and caster adjustments can change toe.
 
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^^^^And then, when you think you have it right, gone for a test ride and back, "easy" roll into the garage/ pad without jamming the brakes (diving the suspension) and then proceed to RECHECK everything just like you were starting fresh. Be certain the front suspension is not "bound" on the concrete AKA "jounce" the thing. Proper turning plates help alleviate that, because they also move in/ out side to side
 
Set the ride height, then the camber and caster, and then toe. The SKOSH chart lists total toe, so 1/8" toe in is 1/16" per side. Most shops will measure the toe in degrees anyway, and if you're using toe plates or something you're measuring total toe.

Ride height changes will change ALL of the alignment settings. Camber could theoretically change ride height, but you'd have to make a MASSIVE change in camber to do anything at all and even then it would be very minor. Caster changes won't change ride height at all as long as the wheels are straight ahead. Both camber and caster adjustments can change toe.
Camber will change the ride height, large factors are design SAI & wheel offset, as You stated it may make almost no difference....but I've instances including bone-stock where it made a big difference, depending how far from the target You're starting(just changed a bunch of parts), & the above factors.
Also, @CFD244 , make sure if You have a front stabilizer that it's hooked up & the end links are the ones You're going to use....the cockier the bar & more rigid the bushings/end links the more critical this is. Also, if You have factory-style torselastic rubber LCA pivot bushings, make sure the pivot shafts are loosened enough to rotate in the K-member until the final height is set.
 
What i do is adjust ride height and then set for max caster. Then I adjust camber to what I want it to be and check to see how much caster is left after the camber adjustment. (I think in all of the cars I've done with stock front end parts I wound up with more available caster than I wanted to use on two or three.) Then set caster on both sides to match. ( Or use a very small difference to compensate for road crown) Check or readjust until everything is correct and then set the toe in. Test drive.
 
And for most of the folks dealing with these old Mopars, that's a great tact, that's where I start when it's time to turn cams.
 
I set ride height and tightened the strut rods, LCA bolts and shocks to spec. I have the Moog off set bushings installed for max caster with the front arms out as far as they will go, and the rear in as far as they would go. Will be checking with my longacre (sp) type tool. Hoping not to F around with ride height any further. It was a PITA getting those nuts torqued to spec on my back with a Schumacher torque strap.

Since I can't measure 20* without turning plates, is a full turn of the steering wheel in each direction adequate to give me accurate readings?

Thanks All
 
I set ride height and tightened the strut rods, LCA bolts and shocks to spec. I have the Moog off set bushings installed for max caster with the front arms out as far as they will go, and the rear in as far as they would go. Will be checking with my longacre (sp) type tool. Hoping not to F around with ride height any further. It was a PITA getting those nuts torqued to spec on my back with a Schumacher torque strap.

Since I can't measure 20* without turning plates, is a full turn of the steering wheel in each direction adequate to give me accurate readings?

Thanks All
Are You stating that w/o turning plates You simply can't tell how many degrees You're turning? If so, one turn may be fine, as long as You're very consistant with the wheel position each time. If it's less than 20° that's spec'd, it will simply read less camber change & thus less caster, & vice-versa if it's greater. Key will be the side-to-side balance, the actual number not as relevant, since You're starting out with them maxed.
 
You have a square dontcha? Or use trig/ geopmetry to lay out a 45. The 22 is so close to 1/2 the 45 it won't make much difference. You can lay out a 45 with a tape, or bisect a 90 with dividers, then bisect the 45 same way. You can easily make "rough" dividers with a couple of scraps of 1/2, etc.
 
Hi Folks

I know that I read this before, but I can't find it. I what order are front end adjustments made?

Also, when Skosh says 1/16 to 1/8 toe, does that mean total toe between both sides or toe per side?

Thanks FABO
Yes, total toe. Individual toe is a product of thrust angle alignments. Set back also has to be considered in thrust alignments.
 
Yes, total toe. Individual toe is a product of thrust angle alignments. Set back also has to be considered in thrust alignments.
You're right over my head with that one brother. Juts trying to figure out the individual toe with a string line parallel to the front and back of the rear tire extending it forward to measure the front.
 
You're right over my head with that one brother. Juts trying to figure out the individual toe with a string line parallel to the front and back of the rear tire extending it forward to measure the front.
There you go. You are doing a thrust alignment. Assuming the rear is somewhat square. Disregard the setback comment. That takes some trigonometry. Make sure you are centered in your steering box.
 
You have a square dontcha? Or use trig/ geopmetry to lay out a 45. The 22 is so close to 1/2 the 45 it won't make much difference. You can lay out a 45 with a tape, or bisect a 90 with dividers, then bisect the 45 same way. You can easily make "rough" dividers with a couple of scraps of 1/2, etc.
This is almost exactly how I do it! I mark the floor with tape at the 20 deg angles and put 2 big drum liner garbage bags folded over multiple times for my frictionless plates. How do you know when you've turned the wheel 20 deg. Why, you put a straight edge on the tire of course. When it's parallel to my tape line at the 20 deg mark, I'm there. Turn the wheel to the opposite 20 deg line and read off the angles on the gauge. Badda bing, badda boom!

I have at it with my Joe's Racing bubble gauge and iterate the caster/camber adjustments until I like what I have. This has worked very well for me as I paid for the bubble gauge with the 1st alignment I did. And it made the avatar go from a car that was unsafe at the track to one that leaves straight and goes straight. I use it on my other Demon as well.
 
Camber will change the ride height, large factors are design SAI & wheel offset, as You stated it may make almost no difference....but I've instances including bone-stock where it made a big difference, depending how far from the target You're starting(just changed a bunch of parts), & the above factors.
Also, @CFD244 , make sure if You have a front stabilizer that it's hooked up & the end links are the ones You're going to use....the cockier the bar & more rigid the bushings/end links the more critical this is. Also, if You have factory-style torselastic rubber LCA pivot bushings, make sure the pivot shafts are loosened enough to rotate in the K-member until the final height is set.

Then I await your geometric analysis breaking down exactly how much a 1° change in camber changes the overall ride height for an A-body.

I'm talking about camber on a static alignment here. A 1° swing with factory UCA's, even with offset bushings, is pretty significant.

I set ride height and tightened the strut rods, LCA bolts and shocks to spec. I have the Moog off set bushings installed for max caster with the front arms out as far as they will go, and the rear in as far as they would go. Will be checking with my longacre (sp) type tool. Hoping not to F around with ride height any further. It was a PITA getting those nuts torqued to spec on my back with a Schumacher torque strap.

Since I can't measure 20* without turning plates, is a full turn of the steering wheel in each direction adequate to give me accurate readings?

Thanks All

You know, there are some really great tricks for getting by without turn plates. Just marking the floor with the angles you need is pretty simple.

But that being said, you can buy a set of turn plates for $170. Yes, they're nothing special and they won't hold up if you're running an alignment shop. But if you're going to do your own alignments they will simplify your life, and they'll probably last just fine for the number of alignments you're gonna do. These here and a set of short ramps (so you're not jacking the car, upsetting the ride height, and lowering it onto the plates) and you're in business.

https://www.amazon.com/8MILELAKE-Truck-Front-Wheel-Alignment/dp/B07JP91QWH/?tag=fabo03-20

You can find used turn plates online too, although the good ones weigh a ton so shipping can be a major problem.
 
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Thanks for the input folks. I'll get this laid out and try my hand at it. I'll report back with some numbers, and get some info on where to go from there.
 
Then I await your geometric analysis breaking down exactly how much a 1° change in camber changes the overall ride height for an A-body.

I'm talking about camber on a static alignment here. A 1° swing with factory UCA's, even with offset bushings, is pretty significant.



You know, there are some really great tricks for getting by without turn plates. Just marking the floor with the angles you need is pretty simple.

But that being said, you can buy a set of turn plates for $170. Yes, they're nothing special and they won't hold up if you're running an alignment shop. But if you're going to do your own alignments they will simplify your life, and they'll probably last just fine for the number of alignments you're gonna do. These here and a set of short ramps (so you're not jacking the car, upsetting the ride height, and lowering it onto the plates) and you're in business.

https://www.amazon.com/8MILELAKE-Truck-Front-Wheel-Alignment/dp/B07JP91QWH/?tag=fabo03-20

You can find used turn plates online too, although the good ones weigh a ton so shipping can be a major problem.
Turnplates would be great to have. But don't be afraid to try some thick garbage bags folded over. With these light cars, they really do make turning quite easy. And I was successful in using them and getting the caster I needed. And if I can make it work, ANYBODY can make it work!!
 
So.........On the driver's side I ended up with 2* positive camber and 5 1/2* positive caster.
On the Passenger's side I ended up with 3/4* positive camber and 4 1/2* positive caster.

Assuming that this car is a street car I suspect typical performance street is what I am shooting for. The car has power steering, so a little more caster would be fine?

What do you recommend for this '71 340 Demon......And, how do I get there. Which cams do I manipulate and.....In which order?

Thanks FABO
 

Turnplates would be great to have. But don't be afraid to try some thick garbage bags folded over. With these light cars, they really do make turning quite easy. And I was successful in using them and getting the caster I needed. And if I can make it work, ANYBODY can make it work!!
Thanks, I laid out the lines on the garage floor and put the garbage bags under the contact patch....It worked great. I tried various minor deviences from the 20* and it had little effect on the final caster number. Thanks for the advice.
 
So.........On the driver's side I ended up with 2* positive camber and 5 1/2* positive caster.
On the Passenger's side I ended up with 3/4* positive camber and 4 1/2* positive caster.

Assuming that this car is a street car I suspect typical performance street is what I am shooting for. The car has power steering, so a little more caster would be fine?

What do you recommend for this '71 340 Demon......And, how do I get there. Which cams do I manipulate and.....In which order?

Thanks FABO
Where are your cam bolts at now?
 
I set ride height and tightened the strut rods, LCA bolts and shocks to spec. I have the Moog off set bushings installed for max caster with the front arms out as far as they will go, and the rear in as far as they would go.
 
Anybody?? I guess I'll just start turning cams and see what they do.

On the driver's side I ended up with 2* positive camber and 5 1/2* positive caster.
On the Passenger's side I ended up with 3/4* positive camber and 4 1/2* positive caster.

Since front cams are maxed out, and rear cams maxed in and I have too much camber......

I suspect on the DS, I'll pull the front arm IN until I reach neg .5* camber and hope the caster is acceptable. Then IN with the front pass side to a little more negative than .5* neg camber and feather caster with the rear arm going OUT to equal what I got on the DS and bring camber to .5* neg.

Sound like a plan?

BTW...Is there any benefit to having the D/S and P/S with different camber settings or is that splitting hairs for the street?
 
Anybody?? I guess I'll just start turning cams and see what they do.

On the driver's side I ended up with 2* positive camber and 5 1/2* positive caster.
On the Passenger's side I ended up with 3/4* positive camber and 4 1/2* positive caster.

Since front cams are maxed out, and rear cams maxed in and I have too much camber......

I suspect on the DS, I'll pull the front arm IN until I reach neg .5* camber and hope the caster is acceptable. Then IN with the front pass side to a little more negative than .5* neg camber and feather caster with the rear arm going OUT to equal what I got on the DS and bring camber to .5* neg.

Sound like a plan?

BTW...Is there any benefit to having the D/S and P/S with different camber settings or is that splitting hairs for the street?
You're on the right track, I always set ride height & alignment with the drivers weight present, if I know the percentage of times with & w/o a particular passenger I may or may not add that weight as well. The amount of difference it makes depends on T-bar/coil/stabilizer spring rates, obviously softer=more.
BTW, a couple of sheets of Plexiglass or Lexan on ea. side w/a couple drops of oil between them will turn better than most of the turnplates I've used over the years, they get dirty-shitty-rusty & rarely does the shop bother to do anything about it. Usually a tech tired of dealing w/it eats His own time to do something(rare in the flat-rate world).
 
I set ride height and tightened the strut rods, LCA bolts and shocks to spec. I have the Moog off set bushings installed for max caster with the front arms out as far as they will go, and the rear in as far as they would go.
I would turn the rf cam to find 0 deg. camber on the rf. Re-swing caster and find whatever that number is (x). Then adjust lf wheel to 0 deg camber and (x-.5) caster. Set toe to 1/16" in. The (x-.5) is to compensate for road crown. You may find that you need to adjust this up or down a little after a test drive. If you have tires that are already worn they can cause the car to pull one way or the other. Make sure ride heights are set and rear end is square and steering box is centered before you start.


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