D.A. what you did and reshoot it. Someone mentioned cure time earlier in this thread. Not sure about the product your using but with DP that stuff doesn't cure for 27 days. You are looking for dry time not cure time. Once the reducer flashes off it is a chemical reaction that hardens the epoxy. You want the fillier primer to adhere to the epoxy so you don't want the epoxy to cure.
Sand it with 180, wipe it down with wax and grease remove and reshoot it... Roll with it! Don't overanalize! No need to strip it unless there is a problem with the epoxy. From what I see that wasn't the issue, assuming you followed proper procedure with the acid wash/etch. I don't know if you put the epoxy straight to bare metal or if the product you used has etching properties.
Like I said before, could be several things. Ford had a mass recall on the early 2000's trucks due to paint on the top of the fenders, hoods and roofs "Crowfooting". Overapplication was the culprit! Looked similar to your pics.